Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) delivered his last sermon (Khutbah)
on the ninth of Dhul Hijjah (12th and last
month of the Islamic year),
10 years after Hijrah (migration from Makkah to Madinah) in the Uranah Valley
of mount Arafat.
Almost all analyses of the sermon agree on the fact that it
was an universal message not limiting only to muslims but to all people present
and to be born henceforth. He used the term “O' People” seven times. He used
the terminology “O' Men” once. In the farewell address, the Prophet did not use
the terminology “O' Muslims” or “O' Believer. The Prophet's intention was to
address all people, regardless of their religions, colors or times (his time or
any time after him until the Day of Judgement). The Prophet’s message was to
every person everywhere for every moment forward in time.
The prophet began the Sermon begins by praising and thanking
Allah (SWT)
O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether
after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I
am saying to you very carefully and TAKE THESE WORDS TO THOSE WHO COULD NOT BE
PRESENT HERE TODAY.
O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city
as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust.
Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that
no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He
will indeed reckon your deeds. ALLAH has forbidden you to take usury
(interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your
capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any
inequity. Allah has Judged that there shall be no interest and that all the
interest due to Abbas ibn 'Abd'al Muttalib (Prophet's uncle) shall henceforth
be waived...
Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost
all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware
of following him in small things.
O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard
to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken
them as your wives only under Allah's trust and with His permission. If they
abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in
kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your
partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make
friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be
unchaste.
O People, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your
five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your
wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.
All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority
over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white
has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except
by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim
and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to
a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and
willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.
Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer
your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am
gone.
O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new
faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand words
which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the QURAN and my example,
the SUNNAH and if you follow these you will never go astray.
All those who listen to me
shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last
ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my
witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people".
References:
The Farewell
Sermon". Islami City. Retrieved July 2011.
Images: Islamicposters.co.uk, musicadisko.com
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