The Holy Qur'an is a compilation of the verbal
revelations given to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) over a
period of twenty two years. It is in the
very words of Allah almighty. Qur'an is the primary source of law. The
Holy Qur'an is the Holy Book or the Scriptures of the Muslims. It lays down for
them the law and commandments, codes for their social and
moral behavior and contains a comprehensive religious philosophy. The
language of the Qur'an is Arabic.
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Definition by Al-Bazdawl.
“The Qur’an is the book revealed to the messenger of Allah, Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) as
written in the masahif and transmitted to us from him through an authentic
continuous narration without doubt.”
The first revelation came to the Holy
Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) when he was forty years of age. Following verses of
Surah-Al-Alaq were revealed to him.
“Read in the name of thy lord, who create the
man from a clot.”
“Read! And it is thy lord the most bountiful.
Who teacheth by the pen. Teacheth man that which he knew not.” (Al-Alaq: 1-5)
Besides its proper name, the Qur’an is also
known by the following names: al Kitab The Book; al Furqan (The
Discrimination); al Dhikr (The Exposition); al Bayan (The Explanation); al
Burhan (The Argument); al Haqq (The Truth); al Tanzil (The Revelation); al
Hikmat (The Wisdom); al Huda (The Guide); al Hukm (The Judgment); al Mau'izah
(The Admonition); al Rahmat (The Mercy); al-Noor (The Light); al-Rooh (The
Word).
Surahs
And Verses
The Holy Qur’an is divided into 114 Surahs or Chapters and each Chapter consists of individual Ayaat or verses. The Surahs are of varying lengths, some consisting of a few lines while others run for many pages. Surah al Baqarah (chapter 2 ) is the longest Chapter comprising 287 verses while Surah al Kauthar( chapter 102) is the shortest with only four verses including the tasmia.
The text of the Holy Qur’an has remained unchanged over the
past 1400 years. The millions of copies of the Qur’an circulating in the world
today are all identical down to a single letter. And this is not strange since
God says in the Holy Qur’an that He Himself will guard this book:
"Surely it is We Who have revealed the Exposition, and
surely it is We Who are its guardians" (15:10)
The holy Qur’an is a complete
code of creed and morals as well as of the laws based thereupon. The Qur’an
seeks to guide man in all walks of life spiritual temporal, individual and
collective Qur’an says.
“And we have revealed the scripture unto the
only that thou may explain unto them that wherein they differ, and (as) a
guidance and a mercy for a people who believe. (16: 64)
“There are the limits of Allah (hadud Allah)
so do not near them.” (2: 187)
What
Does The Holy Qur’an Contain
To the Muslims, the Qur'an is the Word of God and contains complete guidance for mankind. Much of the Qur'an is about God, His attributes and man's relationship to Him. But it also contains directives for its followers, historical accounts of certain prophets and peoples, arguments for accepting Muhammad as a genuine Prophet and good news for the believers and warnings for the disbelievers. Broadly speaking, the contents of the Holy Qur'an fall into five main categories:
- Nature of the Spiritual World
- The Law and Commandments
- Historical Accounts
- The Wisdom
- The Prophecies
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Division Of
Qur'an
The holy Qur’an is divided into 30 division called Ajza or Paras and into 114
chapters called Surah. These verses are divided in three sections or portions.
1. First portion
First portion deals with religion and its
duties e. g. belief in one Allah, day of judgement etc.
2. Second portion
Second portion deals with Qur’anic ethics.
3. Third portion
Third portion is related with Muamalat. It
regulates the relationship of individuals among themselves, with states etc. it deals with sales and purchase,
lease and mortgages, evidence, torts and contracts etc.
Category of laws
reveled
Most of the verses containing rules of law were revealed with reference to
cases which arose during the lifetime of the holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him).
These may be categorized as under.
1. Abrogating verses
Verses which repeal or abrogate objectionable
customs like usury gambling and unlimited polygamy.
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2. Verses affecting social
reforms
Verses which affects social reforms such as by
raising the legal status of woman, setting the question of succession and
inheritance on equitable basis.
3. Verses providing rights
Verses providing protection for the rights of
minors and other persons under disability.
4. Penal verses
Verses providing principal f punishment for
the purpose of securing place and order.
5. Legal verses
These are the verses providing
constitutional and administrative matters.
These verses principally occur in the madni
Surahs.
The Holy Quran is a code of conduct laying
down the fundamental principles and not the detailed provisions so in case of
ambiguity reference should be made to the Sunnah.
To conclude, I can say, that
the holy Quran is the first primary source of Islamic law. All other
sources derive their validity from the holy Quran which is in the
direct words of Allah almighty who is complete sovereign over the entire
universe, but it is to be noted that it is not a book of law. It is a book
of guidance for the mankind, so it does not contain a detailed corpus of
legislation.
Reference:
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